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  <div class="section" id="database-configuration">
<h1>Database Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#database-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniter has a config file that lets you store your database
connection values (username, password, database name, etc.). The config
file is located at application/config/database.php. You can also set
database connection values for specific
<a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><em>environments</em></a> by placing <strong>database.php</strong>
in the respective environment config folder.</p>
<p>The config settings are stored in a multi-dimensional array with this
prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Some database drivers (such as PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC) might
require a full DSN string to be provided. If that is the case, you
should use the &#8216;dsn&#8217; configuration setting, as if you&#8217;re using the
driver&#8217;s underlying native PHP extension, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// PDO</span>
<span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="c1">// Oracle</span>
<span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;//localhost/XE&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you do not specify a DSN string for a driver that requires it, CodeIgniter
will try to build it with the rest of the provided settings.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you provide a DSN string and it is missing some valid settings (e.g. the
database character set), which are present in the rest of the configuration
fields, CodeIgniter will append them.</p>
</div>
<p>You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason.
These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
                <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
                <span class="p">),</span>
                <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
                <span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can specify as many failovers as you like.</p>
<p>The reason we use a multi-dimensional array rather than a more simple
one is to permit you to optionally store multiple sets of connection
values. If, for example, you run multiple environments (development,
production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a
connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For
example, to set up a &#8220;test&#8221; environment you would do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this
variable located in the config file:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$active_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The name &#8216;test&#8217; is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By
default we&#8217;ve used the word &#8220;default&#8221; for the primary connection,
but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="query-builder">
<h2>Query Builder<a class="headerlink" href="#query-builder" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html"><em>Query Builder Class</em></a> is globally enabled or
disabled by setting the $query_builder variable in the database
configuration file to TRUE/FALSE (boolean). The default setting is TRUE.
If you are not using the
query builder class, setting it to FALSE will utilize fewer resources
when the database classes are initialized.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query_builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Query
Builder to be enabled to access certain functionality.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="explanation-of-values">
<h2>Explanation of Values:<a class="headerlink" href="#explanation-of-values" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="17%" />
<col width="83%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Name Config</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dsn</strong></td>
<td>The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>hostname</strong></td>
<td>The hostname of your database server. Often this is &#8216;localhost&#8217;.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>username</strong></td>
<td>The username used to connect to the database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>password</strong></td>
<td>The password used to connect to the database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>database</strong></td>
<td>The name of the database you want to connect to.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>dbdriver</strong></td>
<td>The database type. ie: mysqli, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dbprefix</strong></td>
<td>An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running
<a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html"><em>Query Builder</em></a> queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter
installations to share one database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>pconnect</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to use a persistent connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>db_debug</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database errors should be displayed.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>cache_on</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database query caching is enabled,
see also <a class="reference internal" href="caching.html"><em>Database Caching Class</em></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>cachedir</strong></td>
<td>The absolute server path to your database query cache directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>char_set</strong></td>
<td>The character set used in communicating with the database.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dbcollat</strong></td>
<td><p class="first">The character collation used in communicating with the database</p>
<div class="last admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Only used in the &#8216;mysql&#8217; and &#8216;mysqli&#8217; drivers.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>swap_pre</strong></td>
<td>A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed
applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be
customizable by the end user.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>schema</strong></td>
<td>The database schema, defaults to &#8216;public&#8217;. Used by PostgreSQL and ODBC drivers.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>encrypt</strong></td>
<td><p class="first">Whether or not to use an encrypted connection.</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>&#8216;mysql&#8217; (deprecated), &#8216;sqlsrv&#8217; and &#8216;pdo/sqlsrv&#8217; drivers accept TRUE/FALSE</li>
<li>&#8216;mysqli&#8217; and &#8216;pdo/mysql&#8217; drivers accept an array with the following options:<ul>
<li>&#8216;ssl_key&#8217;    - Path to the private key file</li>
<li>&#8216;ssl_cert&#8217;   - Path to the public key certificate file</li>
<li>&#8216;ssl_ca&#8217;     - Path to the certificate authority file</li>
<li>&#8216;ssl_capath&#8217; - Path to a directory containing trusted CA certificats in PEM format</li>
<li>&#8216;ssl_cipher&#8217; - List of <em>allowed</em> ciphers to be used for the encryption, separated by colons (&#8216;:&#8217;)</li>
<li>&#8216;ssl_verify&#8217; - TRUE/FALSE; Whether to verify the server certificate or not (&#8216;mysqli&#8217; only)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>compress</strong></td>
<td>Whether or not to use client compression (MySQL only).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>stricton</strong></td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to force &#8220;Strict Mode&#8221; connections, good for ensuring strict SQL
while developing an application.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>port</strong></td>
<td><p class="first">The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array.</p>
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;port&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5432</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL,
etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you
will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name
will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes
you are using MySQL.</p>
</div>
</div>
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